Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare condition where there is an abnormal formation connecting the arteries and veins. In a healthy person, the blood flows from arteries through capillaries into veins. However, in AVM, the normal sequence is bypassed, allowing the blood to flow directly from arteries to veins.

An AVM can occur in various regions of the body. However, brain arteriovenous malformations (brain AVMs) demand special care because of their ability to cause hemorrhage and neurological complications. An AVM can be asymptomatic in some people and result in headaches and seizures in others.

Thanks to improvements in diagnostic imaging technology and minimally invasive surgical techniques of B. P. Poddar Cancer Hospital, AVMs are now being diagnosed and treated with several therapeutic options available for consideration.

What Happens in an Arteriovenous Malformation?

Typically, arteries conduct blood under high pressure, whereas veins receive blood from the arteries in a low-pressure state. The capillary bed between them acts to control blood circulation.

In an AVM, the presence of capillaries is not there, causing direct transfer of blood from arteries to veins. It leads to unusual blood flow and can also add to the stress in the vessels.

In certain situations, the blood vessels can be prone to rupture, thus leading to bleeding. Nevertheless, it must be noted that not all AVMs are associated with any complications.

Symptoms of Brain AVM

The symptoms of a brain AVM can vary depending on its location, size and whether it has caused bleeding.

Some patients may experience:
  1. Persistent or recurrent headaches
  2. Seizures
  3. Weakness or numbness
  4. Problems with speech or vision
  5. Difficulty with coordination or movement
  6. Changes in neurological function
In some cases, an AVM may remain silent and be discovered incidentally during brain imaging performed for another reason.

A sudden and severe headache, sudden weakness, difficulty speaking, loss of consciousness or other sudden neurological symptoms can indicate a medical emergency and require immediate medical attention.

Why Can an AVM Be Serious?

Among the issues related to brain AVM is the occurrence of brain hemorrhage, in the case where there is any rupturing of the abnormal blood vessels.

The chances of developing the complication do not affect all patients equally. Things such as the site of the AVM, the AVM's size and configuration, and prior bleeds are taken into account when evaluating the AVM.

That is why AVM needs proper evaluation instead of generalized treatment methods.

How Is an AVM Diagnosed?

Accurate diagnosis is an important part of AVM management. Doctors use advanced imaging techniques to understand the location and structure of the abnormal blood vessels.

Depending on the patient's symptoms and clinical condition, investigations may include MRI, CT scans and cerebral angiography.

Cerebral angiography is particularly useful for understanding the blood vessels supplying and draining the AVM. This detailed information helps specialists plan treatment and assess the relationship between the AVM and surrounding brain structures.

Treatment Options for AVM

Treatment for an arteriovenous malformation depends on several factors, including its size, location, blood-flow pattern, symptoms and the potential risks associated with treatment.

In some patients, careful observation with regular imaging may be appropriate. When active treatment is recommended, modern management may involve endovascular embolization, microsurgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, or a combination of these approaches.

Endovascular Embolization

Endovascular embolization is a minimally invasive technique used to reduce blood flow through the abnormal vessels.

A thin catheter is guided through the blood vessels to reach the AVM. Specialized material can then be delivered through the catheter to block or reduce blood flow to selected vessels feeding the malformation.

Embolization may sometimes be used as an independent treatment in carefully selected cases, or as part of a planned treatment strategy before surgery or radiosurgery.

Microsurgical Treatment

For certain AVMs, particularly those that can be safely accessed, microsurgical removal may be considered.

During the procedure, the abnormal vessels are carefully identified and separated from the surrounding healthy brain tissue before the AVM is removed.

Whether surgery is appropriate depends heavily on the AVM's location and its relationship with important areas of the brain. Detailed pre-operative imaging and specialist assessment are therefore essential.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Stereotactic radiosurgery is a non-invasive treatment that uses precisely focused radiation to target the abnormal blood vessels.

Unlike conventional surgery, it does not require an open surgical incision. Over time, the treated vessels undergo changes that can gradually lead to closure of the AVM.

This approach may be considered for selected AVMs, particularly when the malformation is small or located in an area where conventional surgery may carry greater risks.

When a Combination of Treatments May Be Needed

Some AVMs are complex and may not be best managed with a single treatment method.

In selected cases, specialists may use a multimodal approach, combining techniques such as embolization and surgery or radiosurgery. For example, embolization may be performed first to reduce blood flow through specific parts of the AVM before another treatment is undertaken.

The objective is to achieve effective treatment while minimizing the potential risk to surrounding healthy brain tissue.

How Doctors Decide the Right Treatment

AVM treatment needs to be personalized. Before recommending a particular procedure, specialists may evaluate:
  1. The size and location of the AVM
  2. The arteries supplying the malformation
  3. The veins draining it
  4. Whether the AVM has previously bled
  5. The patient's symptoms
  6. The relationship of the AVM to important areas of the brain
  7. The potential risks and benefits of each treatment option
This detailed assessment helps the medical team determine whether observation, embolization, surgery, radiosurgery or a combination of treatments is most appropriate.

Conclusion

An AVM requires precise diagnosis, careful planning and specialised treatment like SGRT. At B. P. Poddar Hospital Cancer Unit, advanced technology like IGRT, SGRT from Vision RT’s Align RT and multidisciplinary expertise come together to provide personalised care tailored to each patient’s condition.

The right evaluation is the first step towards the right treatment.

Heart disease remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, but many serious cardiac conditions can be treated successfully when diagnosed early. Unfortunately, people often dismiss the early warning signs as stress, acidity, fatigue or simply "getting older." Delaying medical attention can increase the risk of complications, including a heart attack or heart failure.

Recognizing the symptoms early and seeking prompt medical care can make a significant difference. At B.P. Poddar Hospital & Medical Research Ltd., our experienced cardiologists and 24×7 emergency cardiac services are dedicated to providing timely diagnosis and advanced treatment when every second matters.

Why Early Detection Matters

The heart always works in pumping oxygen-filled blood into your body. In times of stress and diseases, the heart will definitely give you symptoms. Neglecting these signs means that there could be something serious about to happen to your heart while early examination can save you from this risk. It could be a problem with coronary artery disease, an irregular heartbeat, a valve disease or even heart failure among others.

Warning Signs You Should Never Ignore

1. Chest Pain or Discomfort

Chest pain is one of the most recognized symptoms of a heart problem, but it doesn't always feel severe. It may present as pressure, heaviness, tightness, burning or squeezing in the chest. Some people also experience discomfort that spreads to the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw or back. While not every episode of chest pain is related to the heart, it should never be ignored—especially if it occurs during physical activity or is accompanied by sweating, nausea or breathlessness.

2. Shortness of Breath

Feeling unusually breathless during routine activities or while resting may indicate that your heart is struggling to pump blood efficiently. Shortness of breath can be associated with conditions such as:
If breathing suddenly becomes difficult or worsens rapidly, immediate medical attention is essential.

3. Palpitations

Occasional awareness of your heartbeat may be harmless, but persistent or sudden palpitations deserve medical evaluation. You may notice:
These symptoms may be caused by stress or caffeine, but they can also indicate cardiac arrhythmias that require diagnosis and treatment.

4. Unexplained Fatigue

Feeling unusually tired despite adequate rest should not always be attributed to a busy lifestyle. Persistent fatigue can sometimes be an early sign of reduced heart function, particularly when accompanied by breathlessness or reduced exercise tolerance. If daily activities suddenly become more exhausting than usual, it is advisable to consult a cardiologist.

5. Dizziness or Fainting

Frequent dizziness, light-headedness or episodes of fainting may occur when the brain does not receive enough blood flow. Possible cardiac causes include:
Because fainting can sometimes signal a serious underlying problem, it should always be evaluated by a medical professional.

Who Is at Higher Risk of Heart Disease?

Although heart disease can affect anyone, certain factors increase the risk, including:
If you have one or more of these risk factors, regular cardiac health check-ups become even more important. How Early Diagnosis Can Save Lives

Modern cardiology offers advanced diagnostic tools that help identify heart conditions before they become critical. Depending on your symptoms, your cardiologist may recommend:
Timely diagnosis allows treatment to begin sooner, reducing the risk of heart attack, stroke and long-term heart damage.

Simple Ways to Protect Your Heart

When Should You Seek Emergency Care?

Seek immediate emergency medical attention if you experience:


Early treatment during a heart attack can significantly improve survival and reduce permanent damage to the heart. Comprehensive Cardiac Care at B.P. Poddar Hospital

At B.P. Poddar Hospital & Medical Research Ltd., we provide comprehensive cardiac care through experienced cardiologists, advanced diagnostic technology and 24×7 emergency cardiac services, Round the Angiography. We have Two dedicated 4th Gen Cath labs and CTVS OT. From preventive heart check-ups and diagnostic evaluations to emergency interventions and ongoing cardiac care, our multidisciplinary team is committed to delivering timely, evidence-based treatment tailored to every patient's needs. Over the last decade, there has been a significant development in cancer treatments owing to the technological advancements that have ensured that the procedures are safe, more accurate and comfortable for the patients. In an effort to continue its tradition of providing world-class healthcare in Eastern India, B. P. Poddar Hospital & Medical Research Ltd. is happy to announce the use of Surface Guided Radiation Therapy (SGRT) through Vision RT's AlignRT® software, in partnership with Oregon Healthcare.

This new installation makes B. P. Poddar Hospital the first corporate hospital in Eastern India to deploy this innovative technology for the treatment of cancer patients.

What is Surface Guided Radiation Therapy (SGRT)?

Surface Guided Radiation Therapy (SGRT) is a novel form of radiation therapy which employs the use of three-dimensional imaging and surface tracking in order to track the position of the patient's body during the treatment.

Whereas in traditional forms of radiotherapy techniques, there was a need for the permanent tattoos or skin marking to guide in the positioning of the patient, Surface Guided Radiotherapy eliminates the need for this entirely, hence making the procedure totally non-invasive.

Using the Vision RT software's AlignRT®, any motion that exceeds the predetermined parameters can lead to the interruption of the process of radiation.

Why Precision Matters in Radiation Therapy

The goal of radiotherapy is to target the cancerous cells without harming other vital organs and tissues in the process.

Just a small deviation, which occurs due to breathing movements or even bodily shifts, may change the effectiveness of treatment. With the use of modern devices like SGRT, such risks become much lower as the patient’s position is tracked during the entire session. Such precision makes it possible for radiation oncologists to safely irradiate the tumor with maximum efficiency.

Introducing Vision RT's AlignRT® at B. P. Poddar Hospital

The newly installed Vision RT's AlignRT® Surface Guided Radiation Therapy (SGRT) system represents one of the latest advancements in modern radiation oncology. The technology offers:


By incorporating AlignRT® into clinical practice, B. P. Poddar Cancer Hospital continues its mission of offering globally accepted technologies for comprehensive cancer care.

Key Benefits of SGRT

1. Tattoo-Free and Non-Invasive Patient Positioning Traditionally, many patients’ undergoing radiation therapy receive permanent or semi-permanent skin tattoos to ensure accurate positioning during every treatment session. With Surface Guided Radiation Therapy, patient positioning is achieved without tattoos or skin markings.
This provides:


2. Continuous Monitoring During Radiation Delivery One of the biggest advantages of Vision RT's AlignRT® is its ability to monitor the patient's position throughout treatment.
Instead of checking alignment only before treatment begins, SGRT continuously observes body movement during radiation delivery.
If unexpected movement occurs, the treatment team can immediately respond, ensuring radiation remains precisely targeted.
This additional layer of safety significantly improves treatment accuracy.

3. Respiratory Motion Management for Chest and Abdominal Tumours Tumours located in the lungs, liver, pancreas, and other abdominal organs naturally move as patients breathe.
Treating these moving targets has traditionally been challenging.
SGRT helps manage respiratory motion by accurately tracking body movement during breathing, allowing radiation oncologists to deliver focused treatment while minimising radiation exposure to nearby healthy organs.
This is especially beneficial for patients with:


4. Better Protection for the Heart During Left-Sided Breast Cancer Treatment One of the most important applications of SGRT is in the treatment of left-sided breast cancer.
Because the heart lies close to the left breast, conventional radiation therapy may expose portions of the heart to radiation.
Using Deep Inspiratory Breath Hold (DIBH) together with Vision RT's AlignRT®, patients are guided to take and maintain a deep breath during treatment.

This temporarily increases the distance between the heart and the breast, significantly reducing radiation exposure to the heart.
The benefits include:


A Significant Milestone in Cancer Care

The installation of Vision RT's AlignRT® Surface Guided Radiation Therapy represents another important milestone in the continuous advancement of radiation oncology services at B. P. Poddar Hospital & Medical Research Ltd.

As the first corporate hospital in Eastern India to introduce this advanced SGRT technology, the hospital strengthens its commitment to offering patients access to internationally recognised innovations in cancer treatment. This advancement complements the hospital's comprehensive oncology services, ensuring patients receive care supported by modern technology, experienced specialists, and evidence-based treatment protocols.

Who Can Benefit from SGRT?

Surface Guided Radiation Therapy is particularly beneficial for patients receiving radiation treatment for:
Stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT/SRS), where precise targeting is essential Your radiation oncologist will determine whether SGRT is appropriate based on your individual treatment plan.

The Future of Radiation Therapy is Here

Modern cancer treatment is no longer just about treating disease—it is about improving precision, enhancing safety, and providing a better patient experience.
With the introduction of Vision RT's AlignRT® Surface Guided Radiation Therapy (SGRT), B. P. Poddar Hospital & Medical Research Ltd. continues to set new standards in advanced radiation oncology.

From tattoo-free treatment setup to real-time motion monitoring and improved protection of healthy organs, SGRT represents a significant advancement in patient-centred cancer care. If you or a loved one has been advised to undergo radiation therapy, contact B. P. Poddar Cancer Hospital to learn how advanced technologies like SGRT can help deliver more accurate, safer, and more personalised treatment.

Medical Content reviewed by Dr. Sreejata Raychaudhuri
Consultant Medical Oncologist
B.P. Poddar Hospital - Cancer UnitOver the last decade, there has been a significant development in cancer treatments owing to the technological advancements that have ensured that the procedures are safe, more accurate and comfortable for the patients. In an effort to continue its tradition of providing world-class healthcare in Eastern India, B. P. Poddar Hospital & Medical Research Ltd. is happy to announce the use of Surface Guided Radiation Therapy (SGRT) through Vision RT's AlignRT® software, in partnership with Oregon Healthcare.

This new installation makes B. P. Poddar Hospital the first corporate hospital in Eastern India to deploy this innovative technology for the treatment of cancer patients.

What is Surface Guided Radiation Therapy (SGRT)?

Surface Guided Radiation Therapy (SGRT) is a novel form of radiation therapy which employs the use of three-dimensional imaging and surface tracking in order to track the position of the patient's body during the treatment.

Whereas in traditional forms of radiotherapy techniques, there was a need for the permanent tattoos or skin marking to guide in the positioning of the patient, Surface Guided Radiotherapy eliminates the need for this entirely, hence making the procedure totally non-invasive.

Using the Vision RT software's AlignRT®, any motion that exceeds the predetermined parameters can lead to the interruption of the process of radiation.

Why Precision Matters in Radiation Therapy

The goal of radiotherapy is to target the cancerous cells without harming other vital organs and tissues in the process.

Just a small deviation, which occurs due to breathing movements or even bodily shifts, may change the effectiveness of treatment. With the use of modern devices like SGRT, such risks become much lower as the patient’s position is tracked during the entire session.

Such precision makes it possible for radiation oncologists to safely irradiate the tumor with maximum efficiency.

Introducing Vision RT's AlignRT® at B. P. Poddar Hospital

The newly installed Vision RT's AlignRT® Surface Guided Radiation Therapy (SGRT) system represents one of the latest advancements in modern radiation oncology.

The technology offers:
  1. Marker-free patient positioning
  2. Tattoo-free radiation treatment
  3. Continuous real-time monitoring
  4. Improved treatment precision
  5. Enhanced patient comfort
  6. Greater safety throughout radiation delivery

By incorporating AlignRT® into clinical practice, B. P. Poddar Cancer Hospital continues its mission of offering globally accepted technologies for comprehensive cancer care.

Key Benefits of SGRT

  1. Tattoo-Free and Non-Invasive Patient Positioning
Traditionally, many patients’ undergoing radiation therapy receive permanent or semi-permanent skin tattoos to ensure accurate positioning during every treatment session.

With Surface Guided Radiation Therapy, patient positioning is achieved without tattoos or skin markings.

This provides:
  1. Greater patient comfort
  2. Better cosmetic outcomes
  3. Completely non-invasive treatment setup
  4. Reduced emotional stress for many cancer patients


  1. Continuous Monitoring During Radiation Delivery
One of the biggest advantages of Vision RT's AlignRT® is its ability to monitor the patient's position throughout treatment.
Instead of checking alignment only before treatment begins, SGRT continuously observes body movement during radiation delivery.
If unexpected movement occurs, the treatment team can immediately respond, ensuring radiation remains precisely targeted.
This additional layer of safety significantly improves treatment accuracy.

  1. Respiratory Motion Management for Chest and Abdominal Tumours
Tumours located in the lungs, liver, pancreas, and other abdominal organs naturally move as patients breathe.

Treating these moving targets has traditionally been challenging.

SGRT helps manage respiratory motion by accurately tracking body movement during breathing, allowing radiation oncologists to deliver focused treatment while minimising radiation exposure to nearby healthy organs.

This is especially beneficial for patients with:
  1. Lung cancer
  2. Liver tumours
  3. Upper abdominal cancers
  4. Other thoracic malignancies


  1. Better Protection for the Heart During Left-Sided Breast Cancer Treatment
One of the most important applications of SGRT is in the treatment of left-sided breast cancer.

Because the heart lies close to the left breast, conventional radiation therapy may expose portions of the heart to radiation.

Using Deep Inspiratory Breath Hold (DIBH) together with Vision RT's AlignRT®, patients are guided to take and maintain a deep breath during treatment.

This temporarily increases the distance between the heart and the breast, significantly reducing radiation exposure to the heart.

The benefits include:
  1. Lower heart radiation dose
  2. Reduced risk of long-term cardiac complications
  3. Safer breast cancer radiotherapy
  4. Improved treatment precision


A Significant Milestone in Cancer Care

The installation of Vision RT's AlignRT® Surface Guided Radiation Therapy represents another important milestone in the continuous advancement of radiation oncology services at B. P. Poddar Hospital & Medical Research Ltd.

As the first corporate hospital in Eastern India to introduce this advanced SGRT technology, the hospital strengthens its commitment to offering patients access to internationally recognised innovations in cancer treatment.

This advancement complements the hospital's comprehensive oncology services, ensuring patients receive care supported by modern technology, experienced specialists, and evidence-based treatment protocols.

Who Can Benefit from SGRT?

Surface Guided Radiation Therapy is particularly beneficial for patients receiving radiation treatment for:
  1. Breast cancer
  2. Lung cancer
  3. Head and neck cancers
  4. Liver tumours
  5. Upper abdominal cancers
  6. Thoracic malignancies
  7. Selected prostate and pelvic cancers
  8. Stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT/SRS), where precise targeting is essential
Your radiation oncologist will determine whether SGRT is appropriate based on your individual treatment plan.

The Future of Radiation Therapy is Here

Modern cancer treatment is no longer just about treating disease—it is about improving precision, enhancing safety, and providing a better patient experience.

With the introduction of Vision RT's AlignRT® Surface Guided Radiation Therapy (SGRT), B. P. Poddar Hospital & Medical Research Ltd. continues to set new standards in advanced radiation oncology.

From tattoo-free treatment setup to real-time motion monitoring and improved protection of healthy organs, SGRT represents a significant advancement in patient-centred cancer care.

If you or a loved one has been advised to undergo radiation therapy, contact B. P. Poddar Cancer Hospital to learn how advanced technologies like SGRT can help deliver more accurate, safer, and more personalised treatment.

However, the modern age of technology requires most of us to sit for hours on end at a desk, stare down at a cell phone, or work on a laptop. Even though they do not appear to be too problematic, such behaviors can exert undue stress on the spine.

Proper posture goes beyond simply standing up straight; it is an essential part of spine health.

What Is Poor Posture?

Poor posture results from the misalignment of the body while sitting, standing, walking, or lying down. This can lead to excessive pressure on the spinal column and muscles over a long period of time.

Examples of poor postures are:
  1. Slouching while seated
  2. Facing forward while using a phone/laptop
  3. Sitting in a chair for a long time without back support
  4. Stance that does not distribute weight equally
  5. Carrying a bag on one side


How Poor Posture Affects Your Spine

Your spine is naturally designed with gentle curves that help distribute body weight evenly. Poor posture disrupts this alignment, forcing certain muscles and joints to work harder than they should.
Over time, this may lead to:
  1. Persistent neck pain
  2. Upper and lower back pain
  3. Shoulder stiffness
  4. Muscle fatigue
  5. Reduced flexibility
  6. Frequent headaches caused by muscle tension
  7. Increased pressure on spinal discs, raising the risk of disc-related problems
If left unaddressed, poor posture can contribute to chronic pain and affect your daily activities.

Who Is Most at Risk?

Poor posture can affect people of all ages, but it is especially common among:
  1. Office professionals
  2. Students attending online or classroom sessions
  3. Drivers
  4. Individuals who use smartphones for long periods
  5. People working from home without ergonomic furniture
  6. Older adults with reduced muscle strength


Warning Signs You Shouldn't Ignore

Your body often gives early signals before posture-related problems become severe.
Watch out for:
  1. Neck or back pain after sitting for long periods
  2. Rounded shoulders
  3. Frequent stiffness in the neck or back
  4. Difficulty maintaining an upright posture
  5. Tingling or numbness in the arms or legs
  6. Pain that worsens during work or after prolonged screen time
If these symptoms persist despite rest, consult a spine specialist for proper evaluation.

Simple Habits to Protect Your Spine

Small lifestyle changes can make a significant difference in maintaining spinal health.

Maintain Proper Sitting Posture

Keep your back supported, shoulders relaxed, and feet flat on the floor. Your computer screen should be at eye level to avoid bending your neck.

Take Regular Movement Breaks

Avoid sitting continuously for hours. Stand, stretch, or walk for a few minutes every 30–60 minutes.

Strengthen Your Core

Exercises that strengthen the abdominal and back muscles help support the spine and improve posture.

Stretch Daily

Regular stretching improves flexibility and reduces muscle tightness caused by prolonged sitting.

Sleep in a Spine-Friendly Position

Use a supportive mattress and pillow that help maintain the natural alignment of your neck and spine.

Limit "Text Neck"

Hold your phone closer to eye level instead of constantly bending your neck downward.

When Should You See a Spine Specialist?

While occasional discomfort may improve with posture correction, persistent or worsening symptoms should never be ignored.
Seek medical attention if you experience:
  1. Back or neck pain lasting several weeks
  2. Pain radiating into the arms or legs
  3. Numbness, tingling, or weakness
  4. Difficulty walking or maintaining balance
  5. Pain following an injury or fall
Early diagnosis can help identify the underlying cause and prevent further complications.

Advanced Spine Care for Better Mobility

Most posture-related spine problems can be effectively managed with the right combination of lifestyle changes and medical care.
  1. Lifestyle Modification: Maintain good posture, avoid prolonged sitting, and follow ergonomic practices to reduce strain on the spine.
  2. Regular Exercise: Daily stretching and strengthening exercises help improve flexibility and support spinal health.
  3. Physiotherapy: Helps relieve pain, improve posture, strengthen muscles, and restore mobility.
  4. Neuromicroscopic Spine Surgery: In cases where surgery is needed, modern neuromicroscopic spine surgery uses an incision of approximately 1 inch, offering minimal pain, faster recovery, and an early recovery which helps patient to return their daily life after surgery day.


Conclusion

Poor posture may seem like a minor habit, but over time it can significantly impact your spinal health and quality of life. By making simple adjustments to your daily routine and seeking timely medical advice when symptoms persist, you can protect your spine and prevent long-term complications.
Your spine supports you every day—taking care of it today can help you stay active and pain-free for years to come.
Contact B. P. Poddar Hospital & Medical Research Limited for you or your loved ones

Understanding the Link Between Sleep, Body Rhythms, and Stroke Recovery

Strokes still represent one of the most common causes of disabilities in the modern world, striking millions of people each year. In spite of the importance of medical intervention and proper rehabilitation, the latest studies have shown the existence of yet another influential determinant for recovery: your biological clock.

In the recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, scientists have found that reinforcing the body's normal circadian cycles (known as the body clock) can positively influence stroke recovery by helping the brain eliminate waste products and diminish inflammation.

What Is the Body Clock?

The body clock is an internal biological process running on a 24-hour cycle, regulating important processes such as:
  1. Sleep-wake cycles
  2. Hormone levels
  3. Body temperature
  4. Metabolism
  5. Brain functions
Disruptions to these rhythms may impact one’s overall well-being, influencing cardiovascular and neurologic processes. It is well-known to scientists that strokes occur and vary in severity depending on the time of day; most strokes occur in the mornings.

How Does the Body Clock Affect Stroke Recovery?

Many stroke patients suffer from irregular sleep-wake patterns, irregularity of their sleeping times, and disruption of their everyday routine. All these phenomena are known to lead to poor patient recovery, increase in fatigue, mental disorders, and decreased quality of life.

The recently conducted research has dealt with the link between circadian rhythms and glymphatic system function, which is a special mechanism responsible for removing different kinds of waste products from the brain. It turns out that the enhancement of circadian rhythms results in enhanced function of glymphatic system.

Key Findings of the Study

Scientists tested several methods designed to support the body's natural rhythm, including:
  1. Timed light exposure
  2. Melatonin supplementation
  3. Clock-targeting therapies
  4. Time-restricted eating schedules

In animal models, the most effective approaches resulted in:
  1. Better motor function recovery
  2. Smaller areas of brain damage
  3. Improved waste clearance from the brain
  4. Reduced inflammation after stroke
Remarkably, these benefits were observed even when treatment began several days after the stroke event, suggesting a potentially wider recovery window than previously thought.

What Does This Mean for Patients?

While the research is currently limited to animal studies and further clinical trials are needed, the findings highlight the growing importance of sleep health and circadian rhythm management during stroke rehabilitation.

Simple lifestyle habits that may support a healthy body clock include:

Maintain a Consistent Sleep Schedule -Try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.
Get Natural Daylight Exposure -Morning sunlight helps regulate the body's internal clock.
Follow Regular Meal Timings -Eating meals at consistent times may help maintain circadian balance.
Limit Screen Exposure Before Bed -Reducing blue light exposure at night can improve sleep quality.
Follow Your Rehabilitation Plan -Physical therapy, exercise, and medical guidance remain the cornerstone of stroke recovery.

The Future of Stroke Rehabilitation

Current advances in stroke treatment go beyond emergency management and rehabilitation of the body. Scientific studies have come to understand that sleep, biological clocks, and brain waste removal systems can be interrelated and could affect stroke recovery results.

With increasing scientific discoveries in the field of brain restoration, proper sleep and regularity in day-to-day activities will most likely become a crucial aspect of stroke recovery in the future.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you or a loved one experiences symptoms such as sudden weakness, facial drooping, difficulty speaking, loss of balance, or sudden vision changes, seek emergency medical care immediately. Early intervention remains the most important factor in reducing stroke-related disability and improving outcomes.

Conclusion

The latest research offers an encouraging message: recovery after a stroke may be influenced not only by medical treatment but also by how well we support the body's natural biological rhythms. While more human studies are needed, prioritizing healthy sleep patterns and daily routines could one day become a valuable addition to stroke rehabilitation programs.

Your brain never stops working to heal—and helping your body clock stay on track may be one more way to support that journey.

Source - https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/reinforcing-body-clock-rhythms-may-help-brain-recover-from-stroke-study-suggests/131772641

Introduction Lung cancer continues to be one of the top contributors to deaths caused by cancer throughout the world. One of the main difficulties in the treatment of lung cancer is the fact that this illness is diagnosed at an advanced stage of development, thus complicating treatment significantly. Nonetheless, scientists have recently discovered an innovative way to predict lung cancer development more than five years prior to its diagnosis through a blood test.

This breakthrough in science will have tremendous implications for the screening and prevention of lung cancer in the future.

Understanding the New Research

According to research carried out recently and featured on the pages of the Cell journal, there is a new set of proteins that one can detect in the blood of those who might get affected by lung cancer later. In the course of the research, scientists looked at blood tests conducted for 48,237 subjects. The team of researchers managed to find 14 different proteins that could be used for early prediction of lung cancer when considered together with other characteristics, such as age, tobacco use, and chronic lung disease. It turned out that the detected markers were present in people 5.6 years before the diagnosis was made.

How Does the Blood Test Work?

Unlike traditional diagnostic tests, this blood test does not directly detect a tumor. Instead, it identifies biological changes in the body that may indicate an increased risk of developing lung cancer in the future. The test acts as a risk assessment tool by:
  • Detecting specific protein patterns in the blood
  • Identifying individuals at higher risk of lung cancer
  • Supporting early monitoring and preventive strategies
  • Helping doctors decide who may benefit from further screening
    • This approach could allow healthcare professionals to intervene earlier, even before cancer develops.

    Why Early Detection Matters

    Early detection is one of the most effective ways to improve lung cancer outcomes. When lung cancer is diagnosed in its early stages, treatment options are often more successful and survival rates are significantly higher. Unfortunately, many patients are diagnosed only after symptoms become noticeable, by which time the disease may have already spread. Benefits of early detection include:
  • Improved treatment success rates
  • Increased survival chances
  • More treatment options
  • Better quality of life
  • Reduced healthcare burden


    • The Growing Burden of Lung Cancer

    Lung cancer is a growing problem among the nations that are witnessing an increase in the incidence of smoking and pollution.

    According to estimates, the number of people affected by lung cancer is expected to rise in the future. This is made difficult by the high prevalence of late diagnoses.
    Therefore, there is a need for new screening and risk assessment techniques to help diagnose people prone to the disease in advance.

    The Role of Smoking and Air Pollution

    Smoking remains the leading risk factor for lung cancer. However, researchers found that the protein signature was also elevated in people exposed to particulate air pollution.
    This finding highlights the growing impact of environmental factors on lung health.
    Common lung cancer risk factors include:
  • Cigarette smoking
  • Second-hand smoke exposure
  • Air pollution
  • Occupational exposure to harmful chemicals
  • Family history of lung cancer
  • Chronic lung diseases
    • The study suggests that air pollution, cancer-causing genetic mutations, and chronic inflammation may work together to promote tumor development.

    What This Means for the Future

    Despite its remarkable potential, however, scientists stress that this new test is by no means a substitute for the proven methods of lung cancer detection.

    More research is necessary before the test can be put into wide use. It will be crucial to find out whether the test works well for people of different ethnic origins, ages, and living in various conditions. The discovery can be considered a major step forward towards the concept of personalized cancer prevention and risk assessment.

    One day, blood tests might become an additional option when screening for lung cancer, as they will help determine which patients should undergo further testing.

    Conclusion

    The discovery of a blood test capable of predicting lung cancer risk more than five years before diagnosis marks a significant breakthrough in cancer research. By identifying high-risk individuals earlier, healthcare providers may be able to implement preventive measures, recommend targeted screening, and improve patient outcomes.

    Although additional research is needed before widespread clinical use, this innovation offers hope for a future where lung cancer can be detected and managed much earlier than ever before. Source: Times of India Much advancement has been witnessed in medical science over the years, bringing about various forms of therapy for better results and improvements in patient's quality of life. Immunotherapy is one such form of therapy whose purpose is to use the body's immune system to eliminate diseases especially cancer from the body.

    Unlike other types of cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, immunotherapy is different in that its aim is not to kill cancer cells directly but rather to boost or change the immune system.

    What Is Immunotherapy?

    Immunotherapy is a medical technique that enhances the ability of the immune system to recognize and kill harmful cells, such as cancerous cells. Naturally, the immune system works to protect the body against infections and other diseases. Nevertheless, there are some cancerous cells that manage to escape the immune system.

    This therapy acts on the immune response, making it possible for the body to recognize and kill such abnormal cells.

    How Does Immunotherapy Work?

    The immune system consists of various cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body. Cancer cells often develop mechanisms that help them hide from immune cells.

    Immunotherapy helps by:
    1. Stimulating the immune system to work harder.
    2. Improving the ability of immune cells to identify cancer cells.
    3. Blocking signals that prevent immune cells from attacking tumors.
    4. Introducing laboratory-made immune proteins to target specific diseases.
    This targeted approach can help the body fight cancer more effectively while minimizing damage to healthy tissues.

    Types of Immunotherapy

    1. Checkpoint Inhibitors
    Cancer cells sometimes use "checkpoints" to avoid detection by the immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors block these signals, allowing immune cells to recognize and attack cancer cells.
    1. Monoclonal Antibodies
    These are laboratory-produced proteins designed to bind to specific targets on cancer cells. They help the immune system identify and destroy abnormal cells.
    1. CAR T-Cell Therapy
    In this advanced treatment, a patient's T-cells are collected and genetically modified in a laboratory to better recognize cancer cells. The modified cells are then infused back into the body.
    1. Cancer Vaccines
    These vaccines help stimulate the immune system to target specific cancer-related proteins and cells.
    1. Cytokine Therapy
    Cytokines are proteins that regulate immune responses. Certain cytokine treatments enhance the body's ability to fight cancer.

    What Conditions Can Immunotherapy Treat?

    While immunotherapy is most commonly associated with cancer treatment, it is also used for certain autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.

    Immunotherapy for Cancer

    Immunotherapy has shown success in treating:
    1. Lung Cancer
    2. Breast Cancer
    3. Melanoma (Skin Cancer)
    4. Kidney Cancer
    5. Bladder Cancer
    6. Head and Neck Cancer
    7. Liver Cancer
    8. Colorectal Cancer
    9. Hodgkin Lymphoma
    10. Leukemia


    Benefits of Immunotherapy

    Immunotherapy offers several advantages compared to traditional treatments.
    1. Targeted Action
    Immunotherapy focuses on specific immune pathways, reducing damage to healthy cells.
    1. Long-Term Protection
    Some patients develop long-lasting immune responses that continue to control cancer even after treatment ends.
    1. Improved Survival Rates
    For certain cancers, immunotherapy has significantly improved survival outcomes.
    1. Better Quality of Life
    Many patients experience fewer side effects compared to conventional chemotherapy.
    1. Personalized Treatment
    Several immunotherapy approaches can be tailored to the patient's specific disease profile.

    Common Side Effects of Immunotherapy

    Although immunotherapy is generally well tolerated, side effects can occur because the immune system may become overactive.

    Common side effects include:
    1. Fatigue
    2. Fever
    3. Chills
    4. Nausea
    5. Loss of appetite
    6. Skin rash
    7. Itching
    8. Joint pain
    9. Muscle aches
    10. Headache


    Serious Side Effects of Immunotherapy

    In some cases, immunotherapy can cause inflammation in healthy organs.

    Potential complications include:

    Lung Problems

    1. Cough
    2. Shortness of breath
    3. Pneumonitis

    Liver Problems

    1. Elevated liver enzymes
    2. Hepatitis

    Intestinal Problems

    1. Diarrhea
    2. Colitis

    Hormonal Disorders

    1. Thyroid dysfunction
    2. Adrenal gland disorders
    3. Pituitary gland inflammation

    Heart Problems

    1. Rare cases of myocarditis


    Early diagnosis and treatment of these side effects are essential for safe therapy.

    Who Is Eligible for Immunotherapy?

    Not every patient is a suitable candidate for immunotherapy.

    Doctors consider several factors, including:
    1. Type and stage of cancer
    2. Genetic markers
    3. Overall health condition
    4. Previous treatments
    5. Immune system status
    Specialized tests may be performed to determine whether immunotherapy is likely to be effective.

    Is Immunotherapy Better Than Chemotherapy?

    Immunotherapy and chemotherapy serve different purposes and are often used together.

    Chemotherapy directly destroys rapidly dividing cells, whereas immunotherapy helps the immune system fight disease.

    For some patients, immunotherapy may provide longer-lasting benefits with fewer side effects. However, the best treatment approach depends on the individual's diagnosis and medical condition.

    The Future of Immunotherapy

    Research in immunotherapy continues to advance rapidly. Scientists are exploring new therapies, combination treatments, and personalized approaches that may improve outcomes for patients with various forms of cancer and immune-related disorders.

    As medical innovation progresses, immunotherapy is expected to play an increasingly important role in modern healthcare.

    Contact B. P. Poddar Hospital & Medical Research Ltd. for you or your loved ones.

    Alzheimer’s Treatment in India Takes a Major Step Forward

    There is a notable progress in neurology being made in India with the launching of a new therapy that treats Alzheimer’s disease. The newly developed therapy, which unlike other existing drugs does not only treat the symptoms but tries to reduce the pace of Alzheimer’s disease progression in patients with early diagnosis, is called donanemab.
    This launch has been met with optimism from neurologists and experts in health care since dementia cases have increased all around the world and in India because of older populations and late detection. Nevertheless, the specialists remind us of the importance of early detection, appropriate patient selection, and monitoring in order to successfully use the therapy.

    Understanding Alzheimer’s Disease

    Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative neurological disorder that impacts memory, thinking skills, behavior, and day-to-day functioning. It is by far the leading cause of dementia in old age.
    Some of the typical symptoms are as follows:
    1. Memory loss that impairs normal functioning
    2. Hardships in communicating effectively
    3. Confusion about date/time/places
    4. Mood/personality changes
    5. Finding it hard to perform usual tasks
    6. Difficulties in decision-making
    Often times, the disease manifests slowly, making its detection a difficult task.

    What Makes the New Therapy Different?

    Donanemab therapy is different from existing therapies targeting AD. This drug focuses on eliminating amyloid beta plaques, abnormal proteins found in the brain that contribute to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease.

    Medical professionals refer to such drugs as "disease-modifying" because they can potentially slow down cognitive decline and delay the development of further complications by extending one’s ability to remember and perform functions.

    Clinical trials have already revealed positive outcomes, including slowed cognitive and functional decline in early AD patients.

    Why Early Diagnosis Is Critical

    Neurologists emphasize that this therapy is most effective only in patients with:
    1. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
    2. Early symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease
    3. Mild dementia stages
    Unfortunately, many patients in India seek medical attention only after the disease has progressed significantly. Experts believe that increasing awareness and encouraging early neurological evaluation can make a major difference in outcomes.

    Early diagnosis allows:
    1. Better treatment planning
    2. Slower disease progression
    3. Improved quality of life
    4. More independence for patients
    5. Better support for caregivers and famili


    Importance of Advanced Diagnostic Evaluation

    Doctors highlight that diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease now goes beyond clinical symptoms alone. Advanced investigations may be required, including:
    1. Brain MRI scans
    2. Amyloid PET imaging
    3. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing
    4. Blood-based biomarker testing
    These tests help confirm amyloid pathology and determine whether a patient is suitable for advanced therapies like donanemab.

    Close Monitoring Remains Essential

    While the therapy offers hope, specialists caution that it is not a cure and requires careful medical supervision.

    Patients undergoing treatment may need:
    1. Regular neurological assessments
    2. Periodic MRI brain scans
    3. Monitoring for side effects such as brain swelling or microbleeds
    4. Continuous cognitive evaluation
    Experts also note that proper counselling and informed decision-making are essential before initiating therapy.

    The Growing Burden of Dementia in India

    The incidence of dementia is likely to rise sharply in India in the coming years. Due to increased longevity and ageing population, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease have become a matter of concern from a public health perspective.

    Experts in the field of healthcare are confident that education, prevention, early detection, and neurological services are critical factors for dealing with this growing menace.

    When Should You Consult a Neurologist?

    Signs that would require families to see a doctor are:
    1. Problems remembering things
    2. Problems thinking clearly
    3. Difficulties performing everyday tasks
    4. Behavioral problems
    5. Problems identifying people or objects
    Consultation with a neurologist early on will determine if these are due to aging, memory loss, or a neurodegenerative disorder which needs expert handling.

    A Hopeful Future for Alzheimer’s Care

    The arrival of advanced Alzheimer’s therapies in India represents a promising step toward better neurological care. While challenges such as affordability, diagnostic accessibility, and infrastructure remain, the focus is gradually shifting from symptom management to slowing disease progression and improving patient quality of life.

    As awareness grows, early diagnosis and timely intervention may help patients and families navigate Alzheimer’s disease with greater hope, support, and dignity.

    Source: Alzheimer's Lormalzi therapy offers hope; doctors for early diagnosis, close monitoring, ETHealthworld

    Ageing is usually accompanied by muscle weakness, difficulty in movement, and an increased likelihood of falls. Yet, according to a new study carried out at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), the issue might not be related only to the process of ageing. The scientists have established a strong link between gut health and muscle weakness in elderly individuals.

    Understanding the “Gut-Muscle Axis”

    The human gut harbors trillions of microorganisms, together referred to as the human gut microbiome. They play essential roles in digestion, boosting immunity, absorbing nutrients, and suppressing inflammation. Researchers have recently discovered that humans not only interact with their gut through the “gut-brain” axis but also via the “gut-muscle” axis.

    As per the study by AIIMS, elderly people affected by sarcopenia, characterized by muscle wastage due to aging, had a lesser variety of gut microbiome as compared to elderly patients without any muscle-related disorders.

    This imbalance in gut bacteria may contribute to:
    1. Reduced muscle strength
    2. Poor balance and mobility
    3. Increased inflammation
    4. Higher risk of falls and fractures
    5. Reduced physical independence in seniors


    Why Muscle Weakness in the Elderly Is a Serious Concern

    Falls are one of the leading causes of injury among senior citizens. Weak muscles and poor coordination can significantly affect quality of life and increase hospitalization risks.

    Research suggests that unhealthy gut bacteria may reduce the body’s ability to absorb essential nutrients such as:
    1. Protein
    2. Vitamin D
    3. Calcium
    4. Magnesium
    These nutrients are crucial for maintaining muscle mass and bone strength.

    What the AIIMS Researchers Found

    This study, which was published in the journal Geriatrics & Gerontology International, looked at older adults and investigated the differences between the gut microbiomes of those affected by sarcopenia and those without sarcopenia. The results showed that older adults suffering from muscle wasting had much lower microbial diversity.

    It can therefore be seen that this new research reinforces a growing body of evidence around the world indicating that gut health could very well play an important role in determining overall muscle strength.

    Signs of Muscle Loss and Frailty in Older Adults

    Families and caregivers should watch for common symptoms such as:
    1. Difficulty walking or climbing stairs
    2. Frequent imbalance or falls
    3. Reduced grip strength
    4. Fatigue during routine activities
    5. Loss of muscle mass
    6. Slower movement and mobility
    Early medical evaluation can help prevent complications and improve long-term outcomes.

    How to Improve Gut Health and Muscle Strength Naturally

    While research is still evolving, doctors recommend several lifestyle habits that may support both gut and muscle health in the elderly.
    1. Eat a Gut-Friendly Diet
    Include foods rich in fiber and natural probiotics such as:
    1. Stay Physically Active
    Regular physical activity, especially strength and balance exercises, can help preserve muscle mass and reduce fall risk.
    1. Avoid Unnecessary Antibiotics
    Excessive antibiotic use may disturb healthy gut bacteria and negatively affect digestion and immunity.
    1. Prioritize Regular Health Check-Ups
    Routine screenings for nutritional deficiencies, bone health, and muscle strength are important for healthy ageing.

    The Future of Elderly Care May Begin in the Gut

    The AIIMS research brings out a significant change in the field of medicine. The secret behind aging healthily is not just about having strong bones and muscles; it might be more than that.

    With India's population of older individuals increasing day by day, incorporating gut health into geriatric care can make a substantial difference in preventing frailty, mobility issues, and general well-being.

    Conclusion

    Age-related muscle weakness is not always regarded as a “normal” condition. There is scientific evidence that suggests good digestive health is critical in achieving good physical condition as well as improved mobility among older people.

    Through prompt medical care, proper nutrition, exercises, and preventive care, older people can continue living healthy and active lives for much longer periods.

    Source: Weak muscles, falling risk: AIIMS study finds gut link in elderly | India News - The Times of India

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